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Point-to-Point Network (mesh network) another form of computer communication... Local Area Network (LAN) (see mouse over info), Bus Topology is used to employ... Ethernet technologies (see mouse over info), Bus Topology is used to employ... LocalTalk, CSMA/CD mechanisms are not possible they use... Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA), Fiber Distrubuted Data Interconnect (FDDI) (see mouse over info) when a failure occurs... Remaining stations reconfigure the network to use reverse path, Ethernet technologies (see mouse over info) originally consisted of a... Single Coaxial Cable to which multiple computers connect (Ether), In respect to two or more computers trying to comunicate with each other as the number of computers increase... Number of connections needed for N computers is proportional to the square of N (see mouse over info), If a pair of computers communicate once, they will likey communicate again (temporal locality of reference) a standard that specifies a wireless LAN technology... Bluetooth (meant for short distances), 1000 Mbps or 1 Gbps (Gigabit Ethernet) recent version at any rate... Manchester Encoding is standard for sending frames, Ring Topology (see mouse over info) each computer connects to at least... Two other computers (resembles a circle), Collision (see mouse over info) Ethernet standards have means of monitoring this problem If the signal on the cable differs from the signal that the station is sending, it means that a collision has occured (see mouse over info), Topology each topology has several advantages and disadvantages... Ring Topology Pro: (if one line is cut, all computers cannot work) Con: (Easy coordination of access operations) , Topology each topology has several advantages and disadvantages... Bus Topology Pro: (Fewer cords to connect) Con: (Same as Ring Topology), Topology each topology has several advantages and disadvantages... Star Topology Pro: (Protection from damage to a single cable to effect entire network) Con: (Harder to maintain upkeep of all the computers in a network), Ethernet technologies (see mouse over info) speeds consist of... 10 Megabits per second (original speed), Ethernet technologies (see mouse over info) speeds consist of... 100 Mbps (Fast Ethernet), Ethernet technologies (see mouse over info) speeds consist of... 1000 Mbps or 1 Gbps (Gigabit Ethernet) recent version, 10 Megabits per second (original speed) at any rate... Manchester Encoding is standard for sending frames, A computer tends to communicate most often with other computers that are nearby (physical locality of reference) a standard that specifies a wireless LAN technology... Bluetooth (meant for short distances), Star Topology resembles the spokes of a bicycle wheel... Center is the Hub of the network, Star Topology resembles the spokes of a bicycle wheel... Connecting spokes are the computers sharing the connection, CSMA cannot prevent all possible conflicts a common interference is known as... Collision (see mouse over info), Preamble is used to synchronize the signal in addition, after the notion of time slots have been synchronized... Receiver can correctly identify successive bits, Single shared medium to which many computers attach (considered most popular share technology) another advantage Distance is a factor in sharing Connections in a closer area have a shorter time sending data. (vice longer distance between connections), Single shared medium to which many computers attach (considered most popular share technology) another advantage Locality of reference (see mouse over info), Single shared medium to which many computers attach (considered most popular share technology) another advantage Inexpensive and widely available, Ring Topology Pro: (if one line is cut, all computers cannot work) Con: (Easy coordination of access operations) to overcome failures... Fiber Distrubuted Data Interconnect (FDDI) (see mouse over info), Local Area Network (LAN) (see mouse over info) each LAN consists of... Single shared medium to which many computers attach (considered most popular share technology), Bus Topology consists of a single line... Each computer is connected to a single cable all in a row, Once permission is obtained from network the sender has complete control of the ring as each computer gets a turn sending... Permission to the network is passed along in turn (see mouse over info), LocalTalk significantly slower than ethernet... Low Cost, LocalTalk significantly slower than ethernet... Network is practically free, LocalTalk significantly slower than ethernet... Technology is bundled with most computers, Ethernet technologies (see mouse over info) utilize a single transmission medium... One computer transmist a frame to another, all other computers must wait, Travel over short distances for this reason... CSMA/CD mechanisms are not possible, Values are encoded as a series of changes hardware is said to be... Edge Triggered, Values are encoded as a series of changes hardware is said to be... Changes are known as Rise and Falling edges, Known as (CSMA) although it prevents a computer from interrupting an ongoing transmission... CSMA cannot prevent all possible conflicts, Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) instead of depending on all other computers to receive all transmissions CSMA/CA trigger a... Brief transmission from the intended receiver before transmitting a packet, Carrier Wave the idea of using the presence of a signal to determine when to transmit... Known as (CSMA), Locality of reference (see mouse over info) consist of two patterns A computer tends to communicate most often with other computers that are nearby (physical locality of reference), Locality of reference (see mouse over info) consist of two patterns If a pair of computers communicate once, they will likey communicate again (temporal locality of reference), Ethernet technologies (see mouse over info) another interesting aspect is... Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA), Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) uses electrical activity to determine activity No frames being sent, Ether does not contain electrical signals, Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) uses electrical activity to determine activity Frames being sent, Electrical signal is detected and encoded bits are sent, If the signal on the cable differs from the signal that the station is sending, it means that a collision has occured (see mouse over info) not only provides a means of detecting a collision Recovers from them as well (see mouse over info), Carrier sense is achieved it is when the network checks for a... Carrier Wave, Antennas to broadcast RF signals this means that... Transmistters use low power, Antennas to broadcast RF signals this means that... Travel over short distances, Point-to-Point Network (mesh network) this scheme has three useful properties: Easy to enforce security and privacy, Point-to-Point Network (mesh network) this scheme has three useful properties: Independent connection allow for appropriate hardware to be used (transmission capacity do not need to be the same on all connections), Point-to-Point Network (mesh network) this scheme has three useful properties: Connected computers can decide exactly how to send data across the connection, 100 Mbps (Fast Ethernet) at any rate... Manchester Encoding is standard for sending frames, Single Coaxial Cable to which multiple computers connect (Ether) the term... Segment is used to refer to the Ethernet coaxial cable, Segment is used to refer to the Ethernet coaxial cable a given segment is... 500 meters long, Segment is used to refer to the Ethernet coaxial cable a given segment is... 3 Meters seperation between each pair of connections, Frames being sent, Electrical signal is detected and encoded bits are sent when transmitting... Carrier sense is achieved, In respect to two or more computers trying to comunicate with each other another disadvantage is... Total number of connections can exceed total number of computers being connected, Topology consist of several types... Bus Topology, Topology consist of several types... Star Topology, Topology consist of several types... Ring Topology (see mouse over info), Changes are known as Rise and Falling edges this is used to... Encode data (see mouse over info), Bluetooth (meant for short distances) instead of cables... Antennas to broadcast RF signals, Encode data (see mouse over info) to make sense of the incoming signal Receiver must know exactly when each time slot begins and ends, Receiver must know exactly when each time slot begins and ends this is possible through... Preamble is used to synchronize the signal, Two other computers (resembles a circle) operates as a single, shared medium... Once permission is obtained from network the sender has complete control of the ring, Point-to-Point Network (mesh network) a main disadvantage is... In respect to two or more computers trying to comunicate with each other, Manchester Encoding is standard for sending frames unlike RS-232... Values are encoded as a series of changes, A Collision will occur again network then uses a... Binary Exponential Backoff (doubling the range of the random delay time after a collision), LAN TECHNOLOGIES AND NETWORK TOPOLOGY a lease data circuit that connected two computers and provided a comm channel to those computers exactly is known as... Point-to-Point Network (mesh network), Local Area Network (LAN) (see mouse over info) use specific techologies... Topology, Recovers from them as well (see mouse over info) if two computers choose the same delay time, after a collision recovery A Collision will occur again