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Female Reproductive System, Fertilization -sperm faster than just by tail (oviduct cilia?) capacitation-glycocalyx from epid. is removed sperm->corona radiata, sperm's receptors unbound ->att'ment to ZP->acrosome rxn (enzymes released->sperm into ovum) ???? Prevent polyspermy depolarization-electrical barrier Ca++ release-destroy memb receptors zona rxn-proteins in ZP crosslink, lock out, Female Reproductive System ???? Ovaries, Uterus-3 parts fundus (above oviducts) body cervix-comm. w/ vagina wall w/ 3 layers endometrium-mucosa myo-thick sm. m. peri-thin, serous, mesoth. thin elastic fiber layer in CT ???? Cervix-diff from fund,body col. epith secretes mucus -starts at ext. os metaplasia found here in CA, 2. Growing Follicles Primary-squam follic. cells become cub. now a 'unilaminar 1° follicle' zona pelucida forms b/w oocyte, follic. cells -acidophilic (GAGs) follic cells stratify-become granulosa cs, end 5 cells deep -gap jcns b/w gran. cells, not tight (sertoli) thus, no blood-follic barrier external to follic., stromal cells become theca follic. theca interna-highly vasc., secretes androgen in resp. to LH, converted to estrogen in gran. cells theca externa-indistinct from int., CT, sm. m, collagen swirls into stroma ???? Antral (secondary) Follicles 1° follicle to central position fluid-filled cavities appear, merge to form antrum antral pools-fluid=liquor folliculi =hyal. acid, progest, estrogen, FSH, EGF, IGF-1, Ca++ -all secreted by gran. cells mound pushes oocyte into antrum-cumulus oophorus corona radiata-1 layer of cells surrounding oocyte miocrovilli/gap jcns to communicate w/ oocyte thru ZP, Suspended by proper ovarian liga (ov.to ut.) Suspensory liga (ov to pelvic wall) both w/in broad liga Covered by Germinal Epithelium-cub., 'mesomet' mesovarium-perit. fold att'ing ovary to broad liga blood supply-ovarian aa. ???? Ovary Fcn- Produce: -gametes-oogenesis oocyte->ova -hormones- estrogen-growth, devel- sex organs, Δs @pub progesterone-secretory Δs in endometrium both for cyclical changes to prep uterus Polycystic Ovary Syn-very thick tun. albuginea ->no ovum rupture, disturbed hormones CA-no diagnostic tool yet, Oviduct (uterine/fallopian tube) musc. tubes att to ut & open to perit cavity near ov. 4 parts: intramural(uterine), isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum fimbrae off infund.->mobile before ovulation fert. in ampulla (near isth) usually ectopic otherwise ???? Uterus-3 parts fundus (above oviducts) body cervix-comm. w/ vagina wall w/ 3 layers endometrium-mucosa myo-thick sm. m. peri-thin, serous, mesoth. thin elastic fiber layer in CT, Cervix-diff from fund,body col. epith secretes mucus -starts at ext. os metaplasia found here in CA ???? Vagina-3 layers muc, musc, adventitia strat squam epith slight kerat'zed -secrete glycogen met'zed by bac.-> low pH no glands, Female Reproductive System ???? Vagina-3 layers muc, musc, adventitia strat squam epith slight kerat'zed -secrete glycogen met'zed by bac.-> low pH no glands, Mammary Glands ???? 20 lobules of tub'alveolar glands end in dilated lac. sinus-> lactiferous duct ->out at nipple (separate openings) during pregnancy- lymphocytes/plasma cells alveoli prolif, glands sec. milk -nourishment, immunity oxytocin->myoepith. cells surr. alv. active-lots of glands inactive-mostly ducts Br. CA-1/9 women in lifetime, 2 indistinct regions - - 1 cm x 3 cm medulla-loose CT, n/a/v/L cortex-follicles,sm. m, CT surr. by tunica albuginea ovarian aa.-> helicine aa. in ov. & pampiniform plexus ???? Follicle development 5mill oocytes at 5th mo, to 700K at birth 400 released during repro. years the rest become atretic-resorbed -follicle provides microenv. for oocyte size reflects maturity-3 stages