Warning:
JavaScript is turned OFF. None of the links on this page will work until it is reactivated.
If you need help turning JavaScript On, click here.
The Concept Map you are trying to access has information related to:
Gastro Intestinal Phys, GI Reflexes Vasovagal (Long) Reflex -gut->sp.cord/brain->gut a. control gatric motor/secretions b. pain->inhibition of GI tract c. defecation (colonic, rectal, ab contract), GI Neurocrines (hors/NTs) Enkephalins (Met, Leu) -endogenous opiates -in mucosa, gut mm. -action:inhibit enteric plexus ->inhibit motility, secretions -increase sm. mm. tone, GI Candidate Hormones Motilin -in duodenum -catabolized in kidney -action: inc. gastric/int. motility -ass'd w/ MMC, GI Candidate Hormones Pancreatic Polypeptide -made by islet and non-islet cells -released by: protein, fat, glucose -actions: dec. panc. HCO3, enz secretion, GI Neurocrines (hors/NTs) Norepinephrine -action: inhibit ACh release ->inhibit GI activity, GI Parahormone Somatostatin (paracrine) -by cells throughout GI, panc. -stim by antral acidification -action: inhibit gastrin release inhibit parietal cells' acid release, GI Reflexes Local Reflexes -entirely w/in ENS, GI Neurocrines (hors/NTs) Gastrin Releasing Polypep (VIP, Bombesin) -in gastric mucosa -action-pregang PNS synapse on GRP-neurons -GRP to G cells->gastrin, GI Neurocrines (hors/NTs) Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide -in mucosa & gut mm. -in secretin-GIP family -action: relax gut sm. mm. stim. secretions (int/panc) inhibit gastric secretion VIPoma-panc. islet tumor -> high VIP release->diarrhea, GI Blood Flow Neural Factors Sympa->vasoconstriction->dec. blood flow via a-adrenergic NE receptors also relaxes sm. mm->dec. resistance Parasympa->vagus->vasodilation metabolism up->local metabolites (CO2) sm .mm. tense->inc. mech. resistance Stretching sm. mm. relaxes it.