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Glucagon vs. Insulin, Meals ???? Ketogenic Diet -high fat reducing diet, 2-3x glucose increase ???? insulin level proportional to gluc up to 300mg/dL, 29 AAs, A-cells 160 AA glucagon secreted due to: epi, cortisol, exercise ???? act on liver, adips, not mm. (no receptors) Stim plasma glucose increase -stim glycogenolysis, GNG, glucose release, TG hydrolysis, FA release, AA degradation -inhibit fat storage, glycogen synth, Ketogenic Diet -high fat reducing diet Effects Wt. loss-insulin sensitivity increase -more glucose tolerance can cause-nausea, hypotension, fatigue -increase cardiovasc.risk -decrease vitamins from fruits, veggies -Vit C, folate -high uric acid->gout, Meals ???? Protein meal (no carbs) -due to AAs alone -AAs stim a lil insulin, Tyrosine Kinase receptor -heterodimer -beta-subunits activated upon binding Activate Ser/Thr phosphatase reverses PKA's actions, phos'ates (activate) glycogen phosphorylase glyc phos'ase release glucose-P from glycogen, Insulin Neural Cells No effect, insulin-independent, Insulin Stimulates glucose uptake glucose utilization glucose storage fat, protein synth, counter-reg hormone -3-5 min half-life -also epi, cortisol -Norepi-little effect ???? 29 AAs, A-cells 160 AA glucagon secreted due to: epi, cortisol, exercise