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Menstrual Cycle, Secretory Phase (Luteal Phase)-1-2 days post-ovulation Progesterone controls changes stratum functionale expands! glands enlarge, corkscrew shape, fill w/ sec. products -mucoid-type w/ glycogen, nutrients for development 3rd phase Menstrual Phase-last 5 days of cycle no fertilization, Corpus Luteum hormone levels ⇓⇓ thus, changes to stratum functionale -spiral aa. contract, ischemia to strat func. -glands stop secreting, blood vessels rupture -surface epith, blood, tissue of strat func all sloughed -spiral aa. seal at strat. basale, Proliferative Phase-1st after menses -stratum basale remains-thin layer -estrogens->endometrial glands prolif -epith cells from glands cover endometrium -stromal cells prolif, secrete coll,ground subs (new CT) -spiral aa. grow into new endomet., not to outer 1/3 2nd phase Secretory Phase (Luteal Phase)-1-2 days post-ovulation Progesterone controls changes stratum functionale expands! glands enlarge, corkscrew shape, fill w/ sec. products -mucoid-type w/ glycogen, nutrients for development, Menstrual Phase-last 5 days of cycle no fertilization, Corpus Luteum hormone levels ⇓⇓ thus, changes to stratum functionale -spiral aa. contract, ischemia to strat func. -glands stop secreting, blood vessels rupture -surface epith, blood, tissue of strat func all sloughed -spiral aa. seal at strat. basale Last Cycle Menopause-perimenopause -age 45-55 -gradual cessation of menstrual cycle, Follicular phase-days 5-14 10-20 1° follicles develop days 1-8->FSH principal hormone stim gran., thecal cells->estrogen later->LH ⇑, so progesterone⇑ then, est. levels high enough, ->independent of FSH Surge of LH->ovulation Secretory Phase (Luteal Phase)-1-2 days post-ovulation Progesterone controls changes stratum functionale expands! glands enlarge, corkscrew shape, fill w/ sec. products -mucoid-type w/ glycogen, nutrients for development, Changes affect uterine endometrium 2 parts: stratum basale-stays constant strat. functionale-changes cyclically ???? Hormonal control, Menarche-1st period begin reproductive years ???? 3 phases of Menstrual cycle, If no fertilization- CL degenerates due to hormone level ⇓⇓ ???? If fertilization- CL maintained-continues secreting est/progest hCG stimulates/maintains CL through pregnancy, Changes affect uterine endometrium 2 parts: stratum basale-stays constant strat. functionale-changes cyclically ???? Endometriosis pieces of endomet into other cavities undergo cyclical changes as in utero, Menstrual Cycle First 13.5 years of life Menarche-1st period begin reproductive years, Luteal Phase begins after ovulation gran./thecal cells transform to corpus luteum ->secrete est/progest due mostly to progest, endomet.->secretory phase LH maintains CL during cycle ???? If no fertilization- CL degenerates due to hormone level ⇓⇓