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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Kidney Stones, Kidney Stones have the following signs/symptoms acute passage of stone gives rise to pain so excruciating that it has been likened to childbirth, Kidney Stones are composed of - calcium (75%) - struvite (15%) - uric acid (6%) - cystine (2%), Kidney Stones occurs when the urine becomes supersaturated with a salt that is capable of forming solid crystals, Kidney Stones is treated by pain management, Kidney Stones have the following signs/symptoms abdominal examination: - normal, but occasionally may be hyperactive due to a mild ileus, Kidney Stones have the following signs/symptoms usually becomes asymptomatic when passed to the bladder, Kidney Stones also known as renal calculi, Kidney Stones is treated by antibiotics if an infection is present, Kidney Stones have the following signs/symptoms burns during passage, Kidney Stones typically occur - age of onset is generally in the third and fourth decade - 80-85% of stones pass spontaneously - 20% of individuals require hospitalization, pain management acheived by NSAIDs, Kidney Stones have the following signs/symptoms blood-tinged urine, Kidney Stones effects exercise by excellent prognosis after passage, Kidney Stones can possibly be prevented by maintaining adequate hydration, Kidney Stones have the following signs/symptoms examination demonstrates: - flank tenderness - costovertebral angle tenderness - testicular pain, Kidney Stones is treated by adequate hydration, Kidney Stones have common complications of - unremitting pain - dehydration - associated urinary tract infection - inability to pass stone - hydronephrosis - reoccurence after initial stone: 1 year (14%) 5 years (35%) 10 years (52%), Kidney Stones has the following pathogenesis/ pathomechanics crystals proceed distally, creating varying degrees of urinary obstruction as they become lodged in the narrow canal areas, pain management acheived by narcotic analgesics, Kidney Stones can possibly be prevented by daily consumption of coffee, tea, beer, or wine