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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Lumbar Disc Disease, Surgical diskectomy, The most common site of disk herniation is at the L5-S1 interspace in the lumbosacral region. This is believed to be due to the thinning of the posterior longitudinal ligament as it extends caudally., Risk/Causative Factors The normal aging process of the musculoskeletal system aggravates acute events, PAIN located bilaterally at the posterior belt line, Risk/Causative Factors Obesity, Pathophysiology The intervertebral disks act as shock absorbers and are found between the bodies of the vertebrae., Tests CT scan, Disk bulge - Annular fibers intact Disk protrusion - Localized bulging with damage of some annular fibers, PAIN radiates down the leg, particularly below the level of the knee, Patient is lying supine with one leg either straight or flexed at the knee, with the sole of the foot flat on the stretcher. The other leg is kept straight and lifted by the examiner. If pain occurs when the leg is lifted between 30-70 degrees from horizontal and travels down the leg until below the knee, the test is positive, PAIN localized to the lower back and gluteal area, Risk/Causative Factors smoking, Risk/Causative Factors occupational related injury, The intervertebral disks act as shock absorbers and are found between the bodies of the vertebrae. They have a central area composed of a colloidal gel, called the nucleus pulposus, which is surrounded by a fibrous capsule, the annulus fibrosis., Tests A positive straight leg raising test is indicative of nerve root involvement, Back Pain due to multi-level degenerative disc Tests, treatment Surgical, This is believed to be due to the thinning of the posterior longitudinal ligament as it extends caudally. Nomenclature specific to lumbar disk disease is as follows:, Back Pain due to multi-level degenerative disc Risk/Causative Factors, S/S PAIN