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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: GI Continued, GI Drugs II Antiemetics DIMENHYDRINATE (Dramamine) MECLIZINE CYCLIZINE -H1 blockers (sedative effects) -most frequently used -?central antichol activity -for motion sickness, vertigo, pregnancy ADRs-drowsiness, GI Drugs II Emetics ->reverse int contractions (nausea) ->all other reflexes, GI Drugs II Irritable Bowel Syndrome TEGASEROD MALEATE (Zelnorm) -for women w/ constipation -abd pain, bloating MOA-5-HT4 agonist ->release ACh, substance P ->stim prox contractions, distal relaxation (NO, VIP) -colon-increase cAMP->liquefy -increase stool movement -reduces pain, constip, bloating -NOT a cure-Sx will return ADR-self-resolving diarrhea, HA, GI Drugs II Anticholelithics MONOCTANOIN -infused into common duct -dissolves retained stones ADRs-fatigue, abd pain, N/V/D, pruritus, GI Drugs II Anticholelithics URSODIOL-oral -epimer of chenodiol -inhibit absorption of dietary, biliary chol -mobilized chol from stones -less diarrhea than chenodiol, GI Drugs II Antiemetics 5-HT3 antagonists ONDANSETRON Granisetron -oral, IV before CA CTX MOA-block 5-HT3 in CTZ and periph ADRs-constip, diarrhea HTN, elevated LFTs less common, GI Drugs II Antiemetics SCOPOLAMINE -anticholinergic (M1 antag) -patch behind ear -for motion sickness ADRs-dry mouth, blurred vision, drowsiness, GI Drugs II Antiemetics CANNABINOIDS Use: N/V from CA CTX, AIDS anorexia -oral (Dronabinol) or smoked ADRs-sedation, psychoactive effects, GI Drugs II GERD METOCLOPRAMIDE -D2 BLOCKER -acts at CTZ->anti-emetic -increase esoph sphincter tone -increase GI motility -accelerate gastric emptying ->increase int sm mm sensitivity to ACh->diarrhea, GI Drugs II Inflammatory Bowel Dz UC, Crohn's Immunosupp AZATHIOPRINE MERCAPTOPURINE INFLIXIMAB-IgG AB -neutralize TNF-a -for CROHN'S, GI Drugs II Emetics IPECAC-syrup APOMORPHINE-subQ, faster, more toxic -DA analog, also for PD -for accidental poisonings MOA-acts on CTZ in medulla -active ingredient-EMETINE -vomit w/in 20 min, GI Drugs II Irritable Bowel Syndrome ALOSETRON (Lotronex) -for IBS w/ diarrhea MOA-5-HT3 BLOCKER ->inhibit non-selective cation channels ->modulate enteric NS ADRs-constip (30% pts), GI Drugs II GERD CISAPRIDE (Propulsid) -5-HT4 agonist -not available -for nocturnal GERD, chronic constipation, postprandial epigastric distress -increase int contractility -increase sphincter tone, GI Drugs II Inflammatory Bowel Dz UC, Crohn's Salicylates MESALAMINE- 5-ASA-rectal, oral -inhibit PG, LT formation -high doses->upper GI irritation ADRs-watery dirrhea, nephrotox, pancreatitis OLSALAZINE-azo bond broken by gut bacteria-minimize absorption SULFASALAZINE->TOXICITY -lots absorbed, even w/ azo bond, GI Drugs II Inflammatory Bowel Dz UC, Crohn's Corticosteroids-enema HYDROCORTISONE PREDNISONE, GI Drugs II Antiemetics PHENOTHIAZINES-D2 blocker -oral, rectal, IV -Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) -also antichol, anti-HA, sedative Use: postop/radiation N/V, GI Drugs II Anticholelithics CHENODIOL-oral -inhibit chol synth in liver ->dec'd chol in bile ->inhibit stone formation -enters bile and mobilizes chol from stones ADR-diarrhea in 30% pts