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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Viral diagnosis HEALX, Laboratory diagnosis divided into 3 categories Serological Diagnosis, Virus isolation "gold standard" advantages can isolate range of viruses, immunostaining Disadvantages subjective, Electron Microscopy disadvantages requires expensive equipment and experienced observer, immunostaining advantages inexpensive, Virus isolation "gold standard" advantages no false positives, immunostaining advantages rapid, Electron Microscopy advantages able to observe viral particles, Virus isolation "gold standard" propagation systems live animal inoculation, Direct detection neucleic acid PCR, Serological Diagnosis advantages used to identify the virus and its strain or serotype, whether it is an acute or chronic disease, and determine whether it is a primary infection or a reinfection, PCR advantages extreme sensitivity, immunostaining Disadvantages high complexity, Mamalian cell culture (primary cells, cell lines, organ cultures) cell death, immunostaining advantages good sensitivity & specificity, Virus isolation "gold standard" disadvantages collection/transport conditions are critical, Virus isolation "gold standard" propagation systems Mamalian cell culture (primary cells, cell lines, organ cultures), PCR disadvantages extremely liable to contamination, Serological Diagnosis routine tests ELISA (IgM, IgG or Antigen), Laboratory diagnosis divided into 3 categories Direct detection