CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MUSIC OF TROUBADOURS

- They appeared in the south of France in the 11th century and expanded throughout Europe.
- Trouvadours were poet-musicians of noble birth.
- Use of vernacular languages of each area
- Topics: courtly love and crusades.
- Monodic texture but with instrumental ornamentations.
- Gregorian modal scales.
- Songs collected in luxuriously decorated song books called Codixes
- In Spain: music of troubadours was represented by "Catigas de Sta Marķa of Alfonso X the Wise"; written in Galician-Portuguese and dedicated to the Virgin.