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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: COPD 1, Assessment of symptoms/risk of exacerbations ???? Modified Medical Research Council (MMRC) Dyspnea Scale, inflammatory response (epithelial cells of airway - bronchioles and alveoli) infiltration of macrophages, Spirometry Test Predicted depends on Race, Nonpharmacologic I Oxygen therapy, IM Dose 360mg x 3d Triamcinolone, A Options SABA prn, SABA prn ???? Albuterol, Decreases Inflammatory Response ???? Less inflammation, Systemic Steroids Glucocorticoids IV, Bronchitis Signs / Symptoms Peripheral edema is common, LAMA ???? Spiriva, inflammatory response (epithelial cells of airway - bronchioles and alveoli) stimulates Smooth muscle and epithelium, Emphysema Signs/Symptoms Flat diaphragm, increased air spaces characterized as Emphysema, Emphysema Signs/Symptoms Major complaint- dyspnea, air trapping in alveoli during expiration characterized as Emphysema, GOLD 2 Subcategory A, Goals ???? Resolve symptoms, Bronchitis Signs / Symptoms Dyspnea usually mild, COPD Causes Chronic infection