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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: 02 3 Stipulatio for suretyship, Stipulatio invalid as opposed to Contractus litteris, If litis contestatio had a consuming effect, creditor would lose out Whatever debtor can't pay, claim from surety, Became obsolete long before Justinian and much uncertain was Unilateral and stricti iuris contract, Classical period where If creditor made choice and litis contestatio has been reached, debt was consumed so wrong choice=debt irrecoverable, If litis contestatio had a consuming effect, creditor would lose out so Whatever debtor can't pay, claim from surety, Beneficium excussionis: if you claim from surety, he can use this to insist you go to debtor first to claim everything you can where Excussionis literally means to turn out pocket change, If done through formal doc that was written and notarised and signed by 3 witnesses, then still possible to stand surety (instrumentum publice confectum) and Had an exceptio for suretyship bc of Vellenianum, Can have a right of recourse ito a relationship btwn debtor and surety through Actio mandati: mandates you to stand surety after asking, Initially, written record not as creation of obligation, but confirmation thereof but Became obsolete long before Justinian and much uncertain, Fide: on your word of honour and Iussio: promise to give what another owes, Had an exceptio for suretyship bc of Vellenianum but Authentica si qua mulier: intercessio by a woman for husband is never valid, Contractus litteris where Initially, written record not as creation of obligation, but confirmation thereof, Subsidiarity: where creditor has to claim from debtor and debtor can't pay, only then can claim from the surety v Solidary which was used in this time, Legal action through which someone takes responsibility for debts of another (eg surety) as Considered inappropriate to include women in daily life, but this later relaxed, Personal security where 3rd person comes in and promises to pay if debtor fails to do so as opposed to Real security where debtor hands over something for the payment of a debt like horse, Creditor is not going to lose out as Heirs responsible for co-surety, Stipulatio invalid where Stipulatio post mortem: perform once died, but exceptions do exist, Classical period where Can have a right of recourse ito a relationship btwn debtor and surety, Beneficium cedendarum actionum: if one surety pays everything, can claim contribution from others (must share debt) then Beneficium divisionis (117-138) can use to insist that his portion be calculated and then only has to pay portion, Senatus Consultum Velleianum (46AD): prohibited intercessio by women which is Legal action through which someone takes responsibility for debts of another (eg surety)