EVIDENCE OF MEDIA BIAS journalists more likely to have liberal bias than not: Schulman 1982 evidence of liberal or conservative media bias: Lowry 1974 Lowry and Shidler 1998 Smith and Roden 1988 Stempel and Windhauser 1989 "hidden" journalist bias in reporting: Tuchman, 1978 Partisanship does intrude on news decisions made by journalists, even among those who are committed to neutrality. Journalists are not overly liberally biased, as often claimed, however they do perceive themselves to be left-of-center from their employing organization and from their audience. PATTERSON & DUNSBACK 1996