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Univac Universal automatic computer invented for companies Britain J. Lyons Co (Tea, pastries) First UK computer company, Transistor 1947 most important invention of 20th century IC in 1960 cost $1000 consisted of ten transistors -- every year components doubled within 10 years cost a penny speed increased thousandfold, Struggle for investors ???? 1948 AmTote Harry Strauss Oct 1949 death, NASA Spaceship needed SMALL computer Required micro chips cost not a problem to expensive for general public Cost -- demand only from space/military applications worldevents 1961 USSR Gargarin space Kennedy challenge place man on moon , Prudential Insurance Co. law requiring recalculation of insurance rates Struggle for investors, Univac Universal automatic computer Britain was compiting with the US 1948 still behind schedule, Univac Universal automatic computer results where: Fortran write equations for scientific, Vacuum tubes complicated 18000 vacuum tubes reliability questionable because burn outs cause failure, Univac Universal automatic computer IBM 1953 650 fit directly within punched card environment Model T of computers first mass produced computer, Difficult to program cost $3M to build, 1948 AmTote Harry Strauss Oct 1949 death recieved fund from investor sold firm to remington rand typewriters, shavers, punched card tab, 1956 IBM soared past Remington RandUnivac 1960 10,000 computers in USA, Movies Doris Day Daffy duck Audrey Hepburn better for workers ERMA Process checks - accounts MICR, binary Machine lang Assembly Lang Problem of wiring the components together Tyrrany of numbers, Univac Universal automatic computer they used the following Vacuum tubes, sold firm to remington rand typewriters, shavers, punched card tab First Unnivac Census Bureau, IBM 1953 650 fit directly within punched card environment Model T of computers first mass produced computer Growing Demand for Computers 1956 IBM soared past Remington RandUnivac, J. Presper Eckert John Mauchly it was called Worlds first computer company EMCC, J. Presper Eckert John Mauchly Difficult to program, Business must automate to remain competitive, eliminate tedium, free men for better jobs purpose Candidate for computation repetitivve tediiouswork Inventory control, payroll, invoicing, Problem of wiring the components together Tyrrany of numbers COBOL Common Business Oriented Lang resembled english files of data, report, 1953 3 machines delivered, 9 on order IBM nowhere Son wanted to upgrade Culture of Yes men Son T.H. Watson, JR noticed customers ordering Univac would speak out to Chairman, IBM Strength Sales force Am hero Nothing hapens until it is sold 1953 3 machines delivered, 9 on order IBM nowhere, Candidate for computation repetitivve tediiouswork Inventory control, payroll, invoicing make tasks easier Computers are a tool good tools upgrade men not downgrade, 18000 vacuum tubes reliability questionable because burn outs cause failure ???? Programming was crisis could have jeapordized growth of compuyter ind, 1956 IBM soared past Remington RandUnivac IBM Strength Sales force Am hero Nothing hapens until it is sold, Computers are a tool good tools upgrade men not downgrade Automation burning issue of time, 1948 still behind schedule difficulty getting customers Prudential Insurance Co. law requiring recalculation of insurance rates, Univac Universal automatic computer proof of accuracy Publicity PR move 1952 election Predicted election on basis of early returns, IC's mass produced inexpensively like printing press the wabe of the future Silicon Valley new inductry, COBOL Common Business Oriented Lang resembled english files of data, report US Census burewu dowwnin in punched cards mandate 10 year census tabulation, 1956 IBM soared past Remington RandUnivac Business Punched card accounting machines single purpose machines, 1956 IBM soared past Remington RandUnivac TI Jack Kilby' Fairchild Robe3rt Noyce -- IC 1959, Transistor 1947 most important invention of 20th century Barton Bardeen Shockly invented the transistor Transistor used as a swith size heat power speed reliable allowed larger circuit design, 1948 still behind schedule difficulty McCarthyism Marchly, loss of defence contracts, Silicon Valley new inductry got very small doping of silicon, PNP,layer of metal whole, Univac Universal automatic computer Business must automate to remain competitive, eliminate tedium, free men for better jobs, ERMA Process checks - accounts MICR took dificult jobs prosperous times made automatioc less of problem, Transistor used as a swith size heat power speed reliable allowed larger circuit design US wanted to beat USSR NASA Spaceship needed SMALL computer Required micro chips cost not a problem, Fortran write equations for scientific it had High level language, Compiler machine translation of symbolic code to machine code, Candidate for computation repetitivve tediiouswork Inventory control, payroll, invoicing they used Movies Doris Day Daffy duck Audrey Hepburn, Programming was crisis could have jeapordized growth of compuyter ind Writing software 2-4 times cost of computer itself, Automation burning issue of time Displaced thousands of bookkeepers but other jobs created not as boring or tedious, IC in 1960 cost $1000 consisted of ten transistors -- every year components doubled within 10 years cost a penny speed increased thousandfold ???? IC's mass produced inexpensively like printing press, Vacuum tubes binary Machine lang Assembly Lang, J. Presper Eckert John Mauchly invented by Fortran write equations for scientific, Publicity PR move 1952 election Predicted election on basis of early returns this is what happened CBS did not believe computer results Machine was right Eisenhower landslide on 5% of votes, Computers are a tool good tools upgrade men not downgrade New uses Police services Cattle breeders Administrative offices factory automation , TI Jack Kilby' Fairchild Robe3rt Noyce -- IC 1959 Transistor 1947 most important invention of 20th century