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terry gallo randy deppen, worlds first computer company emcc, first unnivac census bureau, silicon valley new inductry, people thought world market for computers would be 1 dozen or so, fortran write equations for scientific, britain j. lyons co (tea, pastries) first uk computer company, us census burewu dowwnin in punched cards mandate 10 year census tabulation, transistor 1947 most important invention of 20th century, inventing basic technologies mag tape, mercury tanks (ram) , terry gallo, 1956 ibm soared past remington randunivac, 2-9-05, ti jack kilby' fairchild robe3rt noyce -- ic 1959, writing software 2-4 times cost of computer itself, nasa spaceship needed small computer required micro chips cost not a problem, ibm 1953 650 fit directly within punched card environment model t of computers first mass produced computer, erma process checks - accounts micr, sold firm to remington rand typewriters, shavers, punched card tab, culture of yes men son t.h. watson, jr noticed customers ordering univac would speak out to chairman, randy deppen, ????, programming was crisis could have jeapordized growth of compuyter ind, prudential insurance co. law requiring recalculation of insurance rates, built one scientific machine ssec that was the end, business punched card accounting machines single purpose machines, cobol common business oriented lang resembled english files of data, report, cambridge edsac, ic's mass produced inexpensively like printing press, displaced thousands of bookkeepers but other jobs created not as boring or tedious, 18000 vacuum tubes reliability questionable because burn outs cause failure, 1960 10,000 computers in usa, univac universal automatic computer, 1953 3 machines delivered, 9 on order ibm nowhere, 1948 still behind schedule, transistor used as a swith size heat power speed reliable allowed larger circuit design, high level language, compiler machine translation of symbolic code to machine code, cost $3m to build, difficult to program, cost -- demand only from space military applications worldevents 1961 ussr gargarin space kennedy challenge place man on moon , problem of wiring the components together tyrrany of numbers, ic in 1960 cost $1000 consisted of ten transistors -- every year components doubled within 10 years cost a penny speed increased thousandfold, vacuum tubes, inventing the future, movies doris day daffy duck audrey hepburn, computers are a tool good tools upgrade men not downgrade, 1948 amtote harry strauss oct 1949 death, j. presper eckert john mauchly, candidate for computation repetitivve tediiouswork inventory control, payroll, invoicing, ????, business must automate to remain competitive, eliminate tedium, free men for better jobs, new uses police services cattle breeders administrative offices factory automation , struggle for investors, doping of silicon, pnp,layer of metal whole, publicity pr move 1952 election predicted election on basis of early returns, ????, automation burning issue of time, ibm strength sales force am hero nothing hapens until it is sold, pentagon minuteman ii, polaris missle, binary machine lang assembly lang, mccarthyism marchly, loss of defence contracts, barton bardeen shockly nobel prize, prosperous times made automatioc less of problem, cbs did not believe computer results machine was right eisenhower landslide on 5% of votes