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New uses Police services Cattle breeders Administrative offices factory automation ???? Movies Doris Day Daffy duck Audrey Hepburn, cost $3M to build out of Vacuum tubes, Programming was crisis could have jeapordized growth of compuyter ind ???? High level language, Compiler machine translation of symbolic code to machine code, NASA Spaceship needed SMALL computer Required micro chips cost not a problem ???? Cost -- demand only from space/military applications worldevents 1961 USSR Gargarin space Kennedy challenge place man on moon , Vacuum tubes ???? 18000 vacuum tubes reliability questionable because burn outs cause failure, 1948 still behind schedule due to the Struggle for investors, Inventing basic technologies mag tape, mercury tanks (RAM) haws affected the US Census burewu dowwnin in punched cards mandate 10 year census tabulation, 1948 still behind schedule difficulty McCarthyism Marchly, loss of defence contracts, prosperous times made automatioc less of problem ???? Displaced thousands of bookkeepers but other jobs created not as boring or tedious, Cambridge EDSAC ???? Britain J. Lyons Co (Tea, pastries) First UK computer company, Struggle for investors came in 1948 AmTote Harry Strauss Oct 1949 death, Transistor 1947 most important invention of 20th century ???? IC in 1960 cost $1000 consisted of ten transistors -- every year components doubled within 10 years cost a penny speed increased thousandfold, US Census burewu dowwnin in punched cards mandate 10 year census tabulation that utilized the First Unnivac Census Bureau, 1948 still behind schedule difficulty getting customers Prudential Insurance Co. law requiring recalculation of insurance rates, Transistor 1947 most important invention of 20th century ???? Transistor used as a swith size heat power speed reliable allowed larger circuit design, Programming was crisis could have jeapordized growth of compuyter ind ???? Writing software 2-4 times cost of computer itself, Publicity PR move 1952 election Predicted election on basis of early returns that Computers are a tool good tools upgrade men not downgrade, J. Presper Eckert John Mauchly took part in the Worlds first computer company EMCC, Automation burning issue of time ???? Business must automate to remain competitive, eliminate tedium, free men for better jobs, Programming was crisis could have jeapordized growth of compuyter ind ???? Automation burning issue of time, 1948 AmTote Harry Strauss Oct 1949 death which lead to the sold firm to remington rand typewriters, shavers, punched card tab, ERMA Process checks - accounts MICR ???? prosperous times made automatioc less of problem, High level language, Compiler machine translation of symbolic code to machine code ???? COBOL Common Business Oriented Lang resembled english files of data, report, 1956 IBM soared past Remington RandUnivac ???? Fortran write equations for scientific, New uses Police services Cattle breeders Administrative offices factory automation ???? ERMA Process checks - accounts MICR, IBM 1953 650 fit directly within punched card environment Model T of computers first mass produced computer led to 1956 IBM soared past Remington RandUnivac, Problem of wiring the components together Tyrrany of numbers ???? binary Machine lang Assembly Lang, High level language, Compiler machine translation of symbolic code to machine code ???? Problem of wiring the components together Tyrrany of numbers, Silicon Valley new inductry ???? doping of silicon, PNP,layer of metal whole, Britain J. Lyons Co (Tea, pastries) First UK computer company ???? Candidate for computation repetitivve tediiouswork Inventory control, payroll, invoicing, Univac Universal automatic computer ???? People thought world market for computers would be 1 dozen or so, Culture of Yes men Son T.H. Watson, JR noticed customers ordering Univac would speak out to Chairman ???? 1953 3 machines delivered, 9 on order IBM nowhere, IC's mass produced inexpensively like printing press ???? 1960 10,000 computers in USA, New uses Police services Cattle breeders Administrative offices factory automation ???? NASA Spaceship needed SMALL computer Required micro chips cost not a problem, Transistor 1947 most important invention of 20th century ???? Barton Bardeen Shockly Nobel prize, US Census burewu dowwnin in punched cards mandate 10 year census tabulation ???? 1948 still behind schedule, Publicity PR move 1952 election Predicted election on basis of early returns that CBS did not believe computer results Machine was right Eisenhower landslide on 5% of votes, Fortran write equations for scientific ???? built one scientific machine SSEC that was the end, cost $3M to build and was a Difficult to program, New uses Police services Cattle breeders Administrative offices factory automation ???? Pentagon Minuteman II, Polaris missle, IBM Strength Sales force Am hero Nothing hapens until it is sold ???? Business Punched card accounting machines single purpose machines, Business Punched card accounting machines single purpose machines ???? IBM 1953 650 fit directly within punched card environment Model T of computers first mass produced computer, Worlds first computer company EMCC lead to the Univac Universal automatic computer, Worlds first computer company EMCC lead to the cost $3M to build, 1953 3 machines delivered, 9 on order IBM nowhere ???? IBM Strength Sales force Am hero Nothing hapens until it is sold, Difficult to program debug Inventing basic technologies mag tape, mercury tanks (RAM)