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The rate of flow of charges dQ (C) I (A) = -------- dt (s) in ionised gases - Both free electrons and positive ions can flow - Current is the sum of electron- current and ion-current - I = I(-) + I(+), Electricity is about Current - SI unit is Ampere, A - can be measured by connecting an ammeter in series - it is defined as charge (C) flow per second Charge (C) - Current (A) =--------------- Time (s), Electricity is about Resistance, R - SI unit is Ohm - is defined as P.d. R = --------- Current - can be measured by connecting a voltmeter in parallel and an ammeter in series - it measures how difficult is current flow through a conductor - Good conductors have low resistance, Electricity is about Voltage - SI unit is volt, V - can be measured by connecting a voltmeter in parallel Potential difference or p.d. - the amount of electrical power consumed per unit current or - the amount of electrical energy consumed per coulomb charge Electromotive force (emf) - the amount of electrical power produced per unit current or - the amount of electrical energy produced per coulomb charge, The rate of flow of charges dQ (C) I (A) = -------- dt (s) in semiconductors - Negative free electrons and positive holes can flow - Current is the sum of electron-current and hole-current - I = I (-e) + I (+h), The rate of flow of charges dQ (C) I (A) = -------- dt (s) in metals - Only free electrons can flow - Current is the result of electrons flow per second - I = I (-e), Current - SI unit is Ampere, A - can be measured by connecting an ammeter in series - it is defined as charge (C) flow per second Charge (C) - Current (A) =--------------- Time (s) is about The rate of flow of charges dQ (C) I (A) = -------- dt (s)