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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Canada's Geography(5), Canada's Geography Section 5 Can be broken down into five themes Location Relative location of Canada is north of the U. S. and east of Russia. The absolute location of Ottawa is 45 degrees North and 75 degrees West. Winnipeg is 50 degrees North and 97 degrees West. Canada is made up of the northern part of North America, except for Alaska and the two small French islands called St. Pierre and Miquelon. Canada covers an area of 9,976,140 square kilometers and is the second largest country in the world.. The north Atlantic Ocean is on the east, the Arctic Ocean on the north, the north Pacific Ocean on the west, and the U.S. on the south. In Canada, there are 9.9 square kilometers of land, with 755, 170 square kilometers of that land being water., Canada's Geography Section 5 Can be broken down into five themes Movement of People, Goods, and Ideas The First Canadians The first people to live in Canada were the Inuit and Native Americans whose ancestors migrated to North America thousands of years ago. These first Canadians developed stable societies and adapted to a wide range of environments. Many lived in villages along the Pacific coast, enjoying the abundance of resources in the forests, bays, and rivers. Others were nomadic, gathering food and hunting game, such as walruses and seals in the arctic north, moose and caribou along the Canadian Shield, and buffalo in the plains. Many in the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Lowlands lived in permanent settlements and raised squash and other crops. Beginning in the 1600s, the rival European empires of England and France began colonizing the region, devastating the native population with European diseases and warfare. Soon England and France were battling each other for control of the land. Canada welcomes thousands of new immigrants every year. Transportation Waterways – The St. Lawrence waterway was at one time the world's greatest inland water system. The main route canals of Canada are of the St. Lawrence River and the Great Lakes. Roads – Canada has road links with all of the U.S.'s 50 states, except for Hawaii. Railroads – Canada has rail links with the lower 48 U.S. States. The Movement of Ideas Hockey moved from Canada to the United States. American sports like baseball moved to Canada. American culture moves to Canada through radio stations and television., Canada's Geography Section 5 Can be broken down into five themes Canada Regions Perceptual Regions of Canada: People think that Canadians say “ey” after every sentence, but that is False. That Every Canadian is good at hockey That it is always cold and you can play hockey all day every day even in the summer. That French Canada exists on a map, when it is only a perceptual region of what is actually Quebec. Functional Regions of Canada: Hockey Hall of Fame in Toronto. Air Canada arena for Toronto Maple Leafs, The Rock, The Raptures. Niagara Falls Olympic Stadium, Montreal MacMillan Space center, Vancouver Pier 21, Halifax Vancouver Aquarium Formal Regions of Canada: Quebec Ontario Yukon British Columbia Nunavut Alberta Manitoba, Canada's Geography Section 5 Can be broken down into five themes Place Human Characteristics: 98.5% of Canadians speak English or French (67.5% speak English only, 13.3% speak French only, and 17.7% speak both. Although 85% of French-speaking Canadians live in Quebec, there are substantial Francophone populations in , Alberta and southern Manitoba, with an Acadian population in the northern and southeastern parts of New Brunswick constituting 35% of that province's population, as well as concentrations in southwestern Nova Scotia and on Cape Breton Island. Ontario has the largest French-speaking population outside Quebec. According to the 2001 census, 77.1% of Canadians identify as being Christians; of this, Catholics make up the largest group (43.6% of Canadians). The largest Protestant denomination is the United Church of Canada. About 16.5% of Canadians declare no religious affiliation, and the remaining 6.3% are affiliated with religions other than Christianity, of which the largest is Islam numbering 1.9%, followed by Judaism at 1.1%., Canada's Geography Section 5 Can be broken down into five themes Human Environment Interaction -Canada is a mostly cold temperature. -There is a big wall of ice blocking many Canadians from going to the south. -The wall blocks almost all of the routes to the south. -Most of the people live in the northeast region of Canada. -In the last 100 year Canada has double its population Canada has also doubled its resources and in waste. -The average temperature the whole entire year is 33.08 degrees Fahrenheit. -Canada population has double in the last decade, because of the population increase Canada has increased in the amount of waste they have too. -Since the earths temperature has increased, because of global warming -The Canadians want to reduce the greenhouse gas Canada and other countries set up a Kyoto Protocol agreement. -The Canadian government has done try to improve the climate change and global warming. -They are also very concerned about the ozone layer. -Canada doesn't have as much air pollution as the United States. -There air pollution has been decreasing over time. -Canada does have a lot of pollution in their water. -They recycle a lot in Canada they had a 60% increase in the amount of plastic increased in 1998. -In 2000 they had an 39% increase in the amount of paper recyled and a 25% increase in ferrous metals. -They have less farmland area because the urban area is expanding. -Canada's best farmland area is southern Ontario, but by 1996 19% of the area was take over by urban area. -The Canadian government tries to increase environmental protection. -They spent 14.5 billion dollars on it and provide people with 160,000 jobs, because they gave this money, in 2000.