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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: bph, onset gradual early symptoms minimal 2 kinds irritative: assoc w/ inflammation/infection frequency & urgency, dysuria, bladder pain, nocturia, incontinence, BPH surgical interventions TUNA-transurethral needle ablation low wave frequency. only tissue in touch w/needle affected. 70% pt show improvement. outpatient, w/local quick recovery. s/e ur, some require catheter, hematuria, onset gradual early symptoms minimal 2 kinds obstructive: due to UR dec in force of stream, difficulty initiating urine intermittency, dribbling, BPH education DRE yearly. alcohol, caffeine, cold and cough meds increase symptoms, BPH drug therapies 5-a-reductase inhibitors (androgen inhibitor), proscar/avodart. Dec size of prostate. s/e takes 3-6 months, ED, dec ejaculate, dec libido, BPH diagnostic studies H&P, rectal exam, urinalysis w/culture, PSA, creatinine, trans rectal u/s, uroflowmetry, cystourethroscopy, BPH drug therapies saw palmetto may alleviate nocturia, inc flow, reduce residual bladder volume. s/e mainly GI, may inc b/p, inc risk of bleeding., BPH surgical interventions TURP- transurethral resection 80-90% good outcome. low risk. done under gen or spinal. Must have 24 hr bladder irrigation. must stop anticoagulants prior. s/e bleeding, infection, incontinence,, BPH surgical interventions laser prostectomy- laser beam transurethrally to cut or destroy parts of the prostate. catheter inserted. may take several weeks for optimum result. fast recovery, may take anticoags, s/e retrograde ejaculation, BPH risk factors family history, environment, obesity, diet (polyunsat fats)), BPH surgical interventions TUMT-transurethral microwave done outpatient, postop UR is common, pt sent home w/catheter 2-7 days, not appropriate w/ rectal problems, s/e bladder spasms, hematuria, dysuria, & retention, BPH complications r/t urinary retention: acute urinary retention, uti and sepsis, medium for bact. growth, cacluli, renal failure, pyelonephritis, bladder damage, BPH symptoms onset gradual early symptoms minimal, BPH drug therapies adrenergic receptor blockers (flomax, cardura), promotes smooth muscle relaxation-inc urine flow. 2-3 week improvement, s/e ortho hypotension, retrograde ejaculation, nasal congestion