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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Diagnosis via Electrocardiography, Treatment Plan include 4) Digoxin 1/4 of a 0.125 mg tablet sid (to control ventricular response to AF), Treatment Plan using 3) Furosemide 2-4 mg/kg IV prn followed by bid po therapy, Dilated Cardiomyopathy using.... COENZYME Q-10, DILATED CARDIO- MYOPATHY then Treatment, COMMON DISEASES IN SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE you see.... Cats, Medical use Diuretics: These are used to control oedema and effusions from congestive heart failure., Valvular Degenerative Disease using Low Salt (Sodium) Diet, Diuretics Is used because.... The primary drug to reduce fluid accumulation secondary to congestive heart failure is furosemide, marketed as Lasix. It can be used to treat acute, life-threatening fluid accumulation or to control and prevent congestive abnormalities in chronic settings., Diagnosis via Distance Examination and Physical Examination, L-carnitine Is used because.... L-carnitine is a compound that plays an important role in fatty acid metabolism and in neutralizing potential toxins in cells. Carnitine deficiency in the heart muscle has been shown to be potentially reversible in at least one family of boxers with DCM. Although the diagnosis of heart muscle carnitine deficiency is difficult, and the appropriateness of supplementation with l-carnitine for all dogs with DCM is unknown, such supplementation is not known to be harmful. L-carnitine supplementation can be considered for all dogs with DCM., Dobutamine, Amrinone, Milrinone Is used because.... These are used to increase the heart muscle’s ability to contract, but they are indicated primarily for short-term emergency situations, Quinidine Sulphate How and Why it is used. Oral treatment with quinidine sulphate The standard treatment for AF is quinidine sulphate, administered by stomach tube. Some clinicians recommend a test dose of 5 g per horse on the day before treatment is planned, to test for anaphylactic reactions. This is a rare problem and the author does not use a test dose. The dosage rate is 20 mg/kg (i.e. 10 g for a 500 kg horse), administered by stomach tube. The rate of absorption and half-life dictate the therapeutic regime. The aim of treatment is to titrate the drug to a plasma concentration within the therapeutic range (approximately 2.5-5.0 mg/i). Peak plasma levels are usually reached approximately 2 hours after administration. The dose is therefore repeated every 2 hours until the horse converts to normal sinus rhythm, or until toxic side-effects are recognised (see below). Increased dosage resulting in plasma levels above 5~0 mg/i is likely to result in side-effects and will not increase the chances of reversion to sinus rhythm because conversion normally only occurs with plasma concentrations in the therapeutic range. Ideally, on site quinidine assays can be used for monitoring plasma levels, but this is seldom possible in practice., Treatment Plan using 2) Enalapril 0.5 mg/kg po bid, Diagnosis via Mumurs, Quinidine Sulphate How and Why it is used. Intravenous use of quinidine gluconate for treatment of AF Where quinidine gluconate is available, it can be used to convert animals with AF to sinus rhythm. It appears to be most successful in horses which have been in AF for only a few days. The ease and speed of administration mean that it has some practical advantages compared to the use of quinidine sulphate. Side-effects are reported to be uncommon, provided that appropriate cases are selected. Intravenous boluses of quinidine gluconate (0.5-1.0 mg/kg) are given at ten-minute intervals until conversion, or until a total dose of 10 mg/kg is reached., Dilated Cardiomyopathy using.... L-carnitine, Horses includes Atrial Fibrillation, Background info Common Diseases, Atrial Fibrillation then HOW IS THIS DIAGNOSED?