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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Viral diagnosis cmap HEALX presentation, Virus isolation "gold standard" advantages can isolate range of viruses, Laboratory diagnosis divided into 3 categories Serological Diagnosis, Hybridization probes advantages can detect most viruses, Electron Microscopy disadvantages requires expensive equipment and experienced observer, immunostaining Disadvantages subjective, immunostaining advantages inexpensive, immunostaining advantages rapid, Virus isolation "gold standard" advantages no false positives, live animal inoculation cell death, Direct detection nucleic acid PCR, Virus isolation "gold standard" propagation systems live animal inoculation, Electron Microscopy advantages able to observe viral particles, Mamalian cell culture (primary cells, cell lines, organ cultures) cell death, immunostaining Disadvantages high complexity, PCR advantages extreme sensitivity, Serological Diagnosis advantages used to identify the virus and its strain or serotype, whether it is an acute or chronic disease, and determine whether it is a primary infection or a reinfection, Virus isolation "gold standard" propagation systems Mamalian cell culture (primary cells, cell lines, organ cultures), Virus isolation "gold standard" disadvantages collection/transport conditions are critical, immunostaining advantages good sensitivity & specificity, PCR disadvantages extremely liable to contamination