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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: PCL-Ocean Acidification, process: shell & reef formation because Many ocean organisms build shells to protect their soft body parts. Many of these organisms make their shells with calcium carbonate, process: air-sea gas exchange as represented by 1. CO2 (g) <> CO2 (aq) 2. CO2 (aq) + H2O <> H2CO3 (carbonic acid) 3. H2CO3 <> H+ + HCO2-1 (bicarbonate) 4. HCO2-1 <> H+ + CO3-2 (carbonate), process: air-sea gas exchange takes place when storm stirs air into the surface of the ocean, More CO2 absorbed into ocean water makes the water more acidic (lower pH) resulting in 1. More H+ in water 2. Excess H+ take up CO3-2 to make HCO2-1, process: air-sea gas exchange takes place when gas exchange when ocean water is calm, CO2 in the air is absorbed by (taken up like a sponge) ocean water occurs through process: air-sea gas exchange, Carbon in ocean water important to organisms because shell formation & photosynthesis occurs through process: shell & reef formation, More acidic ocean water has negative effect on ocean organisms which include Organisms' shells & reefs dissolve in more acidic water, CO2 in the air is absorbed by (taken up like a sponge) ocean water resulting in More CO2 absorbed into ocean water makes the water more acidic (lower pH), Organisms unable to make shells & reefs due to #2 1. Ocean water is more acidic. 2. Less carbonate available for orgms to make calcium carbonate (CaCO3), Increasing CO2 in atm affects the ocean. so, what happens to ocean water when there is too much CO2 in the water? More CO2 absorbed into ocean water makes the water more acidic (lower pH), Carbon in ocean water important to organisms because shell formation & photosynthesis occurs through process: photosynthesis, 1. CO2 (g) <> CO2 (aq) 2. CO2 (aq) + H2O <> H2CO3 (carbonic acid) 3. H2CO3 <> H+ + HCO2-1 (bicarbonate) 4. HCO2-1 <> H+ + CO3-2 (carbonate) carbon used to make 1. Ca2+ + CO3-2 <> CaCO3 (calcium carbonate), 1. More H+ in water 2. Excess H+ take up CO3-2 to make HCO2-1 which means 1. Ocean water is more acidic. 2. Less carbonate available for orgms to make calcium carbonate (CaCO3), Organisms' shells & reefs dissolve in more acidic water demonstrated by dissolve powdered CaCO3, More acidic ocean water has negative effect on ocean organisms which include Organisms unable to make shells & reefs, Increasing CO2 in atm affects the ocean. but, why should we care there is too much CO2 in ocean water? More acidic ocean water has negative effect on ocean organisms, 1. Ocean water is more acidic. 2. Less carbonate available for orgms to make calcium carbonate (CaCO3) demonstrated by pH strips, process: shell & reef formation as represented by 1. Ca2+ + CO3-2 <> CaCO3 (calcium carbonate), CO2 in the air is absorbed by (taken up like a sponge) ocean water occurs naturally, & is necessary for Carbon in ocean water important to organisms because shell formation & photosynthesis