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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Boron Chapter 32 - Control of Ventilation, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mrow> <mtext> Glomus cells in the carotid body sense low </mtext> <mmultiscripts> <mtext> P </mtext> <mtext> O2 </mtext> <none/> </mmultiscripts> <mtext> and high </mtext> <mmultiscripts> <mtext> P </mtext> <mtext> CO2 </mtext> <none/> </mmultiscripts> <mtext> and low pH </mtext> </mrow> </math> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mrow> <mmultiscripts> <mtext> P </mtext> <mtext> O2 </mtext> <none/> </mmultiscripts> <mtext> < 100 </mtext> </mrow> </math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mrow> <mmultiscripts> <mtext> CO </mtext> <mtext> 2 </mtext> <none/> </mmultiscripts> <mtext> + </mtext> <mmultiscripts> <mtext> H </mtext> <mtext> 2 </mtext> <none/> </mmultiscripts> <mtext> O ↔ </mtext> <mmultiscripts> <mtext> H </mtext> <mtext> 2 </mtext> <none/> </mmultiscripts> <mtext> C </mtext> <mmultiscripts> <mtext> O </mtext> <mtext> 3 </mtext> <none/> </mmultiscripts> <mtext> ↔ </mtext> <mmultiscripts> <mtext> H </mtext> <none/> <mtext> + </mtext> </mmultiscripts> <mtext> + HC </mtext> <mmultiscripts> <mtext> O </mtext> <mtext> 3 </mtext> <mtext> - </mtext> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </math> Hypercapnea (too much CO2) causes the acid base equilibrium of the blood to shift towards a more acidic state (pushes it to the right)*, Hypercapnea (too much CO2) causes the acid base equilibrium of the blood to shift towards a more acidic state (pushes it to the right)* Known as respiratory acidosis, Peripheral chemoreceptors Carotid body, Aortic body Innervated by the vagus nerve (CN X), Hypercapnea (too much CO2) causes the acid base equilibrium of the blood to shift towards a more acidic state (pushes it to the right)* Increased firing rate of the phrenic nerve and nerves to the accessory inspiratory muscles, Chemical Control of Ventilation Central chemoreceptors, Carotid body Innervated by afferents of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), Carotid body <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mrow> <mtext> Glomus cells in the carotid body sense low </mtext> <mmultiscripts> <mtext> P </mtext> <mtext> O2 </mtext> <none/> </mmultiscripts> <mtext> and high </mtext> <mmultiscripts> <mtext> P </mtext> <mtext> CO2 </mtext> <none/> </mmultiscripts> <mtext> and low pH </mtext> </mrow> </math>, Increased firing rate of the phrenic nerve and nerves to the accessory inspiratory muscles Increase in respiratory rate, Sense a decrease in pH of the brain extracellular fluid (BECF) due to Hypercapnea (too much CO2) causes the acid base equilibrium of the blood to shift towards a more acidic state (pushes it to the right)*, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mrow> <mtext> Glomus cells in the carotid body sense low </mtext> <mmultiscripts> <mtext> P </mtext> <mtext> O2 </mtext> <none/> </mmultiscripts> <mtext> and high </mtext> <mmultiscripts> <mtext> P </mtext> <mtext> CO2 </mtext> <none/> </mmultiscripts> <mtext> and low pH </mtext> </mrow> </math> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mrow> <mmultiscripts> <mtext> P </mtext> <mtext> CO2 </mtext> <none/> </mmultiscripts> <mtext> > 40 </mtext> </mrow> </math>, Peripheral chemoreceptors Aortic body, Carotid body Located near the carotid sinus (dilated portion of the common carotid, immediately prior to the split of the internal and external common carotid arteries in the neck), Inhibition of K+ channels, leading to depolarization of the glomus cell Increased firing rate of the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) to the brain, Aortic body Located in the arch of the aorta, pH < 7.35 Inhibition of K+ channels, leading to depolarization of the glomus cell, Central chemoreceptors Metabolic acidosis causes profound hyperventilation (aka Kussmaul breathing) due to the activation of the peripheral chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies*, Peripheral chemoreceptors Metabolic acidosis causes profound hyperventilation (aka Kussmaul breathing) due to the activation of the peripheral chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies*, Central chemoreceptors Slower, but more profound response to hypercapnia which leads to respiratory acidosis