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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Boron Chapter 27 - Mechanics of Ventilation, Inspiration Quiet inspiration Primary Muscles of Inspiration, Obstructive pulmonary disease Asthma, Elastance (aka elastic recoil) <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mrow> <mtext> E = </mtext> <mfrac> <mtext> 1 </mtext> <mtext> C </mtext> </mfrac> </mrow> </math>, Increased intrapleural pressure Pneumothorax, Inversely Proportional Increase in compliance = decrease in elastance, Difficult to inflate. But recoil during expiration with little effort, Determined by the contraction and relaxation of the respiratory muscles. Contraction causes the intrapleural pressure to become more negative, as intrathoracic volume increases, Constriction Vagal tone, Inversely Proportional <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mrow> <mtext> E = </mtext> <mfrac> <mtext> 1 </mtext> <mtext> C </mtext> </mfrac> </mrow> </math>, During expiration, surface area decreases of the alveola decreases too rapidly for sufactant to leave the air-water interface Surface tension decreases (more surfactant relative to surface area). This results in much less pressure being needed to reinflate the alveola. This keeps any rapidly deflating alveola from becoming too small too fast., Primary Muscles of Inspiration External Intercostals, Dilation Sympathetic tone, Composition Amphipathic (both hydrophobic & hydrophilic), Increased intrapleural pressure Pleural effusion, Intrapleural pressure Changes according to Boyle's Law PV = constant Pressure and volume are inversely proportional at a constant temperature, Changes according to Boyle's Law PV = constant Pressure and volume are inversely proportional at a constant temperature Relaxation causes the intrapleural pressure to become less negative, as intrathoracic volume decreases, The difference in the pressure curves (inflating from completely deflated on the right vs. deflating completely from totally inflated on the left) is called hysteresis Due to the increased surface tension that occurs when alveolar volume falls so much so that alveolar collapse occurs and the water interfaces come into contact with one another., Neuromuscular pathology Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS/Lou Gehrig's), Keep alveolar size uniform during respiratory cycle During inspiration, surface area of the alveola expands too rapidly for more surfactant to reach the air-water interface., Types of airflow