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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: viral pathogenesis - part I - 4_2018, Viral Pathogenesis (Part I) Spread Localized Disseminated Systemic, Viral Pathogenesis (Part I) patterns of infection acute persistent latent, Viral Pathogenesis (Part I) Successful infection Tropism - Cellular - Tissue - Host, NK cells recognize & kill infected cells displaying stressed-induced proteins & not displaying MHC-I molecules evade by producing microRNAs that down-regulate production of stress-induced proteins, hematogenous viremia Secondary viremia: delayed appearance of a high concentration of infectious virions in blood, fetal ???? Invasion of placenta, hematogenous spread lymphatics, Viral Pathogenesis (Part I) Sites of entry into human host - Respiratory tract - Alimentary tract - Skin - Urogenital tract - Eyes, Viral Pathogenesis (Part I) patterns of infection inapparent symptomatic, Viral Pathogenesis (Part I) Routes of spread hematogenous, CTLs bind to viral epitopes on MHC-I molecules & trigger apoptosis of infected cells evade by blocking the TAP transport of peptides into the ER, Immune response adaptive Antibodies function as opsonins and sticking viruses to phagocytes, Viral Pathogenesis (Part I) Barriers to spread Physical, hematogenous viremia Passive viremia: results when virus particles are introduced into the blood without viral replication at site of entry, CTLs bind to viral epitopes on MHC-I molecules & trigger apoptosis of infected cells evade by inhibiting proteasomal activity, Viral Pathogenesis (Part I) Barriers to spread Immune response, Viral Pathogenesis (Part I) Successful infection - Sufficient virus to initiate infection - Accessible, susceptible, and permissive cells at site of infection - Absence of local host anti-viral defense, Viral Pathogenesis (Part I) Transmission - Iatrogenic - Nosocomial - Vertical - Horizontal - Germ-line, Viral Pathogenesis (Part I) Transmission Direct - close contact - secretions - blood - feces/urine - droplet, hematogenous tissue invasion Blood-tissue junctions