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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: heart failure, Calcium Channel blockers Acts by Calcium depolarizes the pacemaker cell, causing contraction. Inhibition slows contraction and leads to vasodilation, lowering PVR and BP, Myocardial injury Results in Reduced cardiac output, Heart Failure Pumping and Filling Problems Systolic Dysfunction (left-sided failure), Spironolactone decreases cardiac work load by blocking ???? Aldosterone, Increase ANP/ BNP Which decreases SNS stimulation, Naproxen Left out because Several DDI's with other drugs; APAP was better OTC for pain., Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Acts by Preventing Angiotensin II from binding to angiotensin II receptors, causing blood vessels t odilate, reducing BP, Increase ANP/ BNP Which decreases Threshold vagal afferects, Patient will no longer take these medications ???? Naproxen, Left heart Symptoms include Pulmonary edema, tachycardia S3 gallop rhythm, Diltiazem Left out because Concurrent use with ranitidine may cause possible cardiovascular toxicity; several other DDI's., Aldosterone Causes Sodium/water retention, Activation of RAS System ???? Renin, Patient will Remain on these medications Include Ranitidine, Beta Activation causes Increased heart rate and cardiac output, Activation of RAS System Causes Aldosterone release, Diastolic Dysfunction (right-sided Failure) Causes Stiff ventricles fill with less blood than normal, Systolic Dysfunction (left-sided failure) Can be associated with Right heart, Diastolic Dysfunction (right-sided Failure) Can be associated with Left heart, Patient will Remain on these medications Include Insulin